|
•8,373 (Srebrenica)〔 •116 (Žepa) | injuries = 25,000-30,000 women,children elderly; Caused serious bodily or mental harm from Srebrenica and Eastern Bosnia.〔http://icty.org/x/cases/tolimir/acjug/en/150408_summary.pdf〕 | victim = 8,372 killed | perps = Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS),〔 Scorpions paramilitary group〔"Serbia: Mladic "Recruited" Infamous Scorpions". Institute for War and Peace Reporting. ()〕 Greek Volunteer Guard | susperps = | susperp = | weapons = | numparts = | numpart = | dfens = | dfen = | footage = }} The term Bosnian Genocide refers to either genocide at Srebrenica and Žepa〔IWPR, Genocide Conviction for Serb General Tolimir, 13 December 2012. http://iwpr.net/report-news/genocide-conviction-serb-general-tolimir〕 committed by Bosnian Serb forces in 1995 or the wider ethnic cleansing campaign throughout areas controlled by the Army of the Republika Srpska〔A Witness to Genocide: The 1993 Pulitzer Prize-Winning Dispatches on the "Ethnic Cleansing" of Bosnia, Roy Gutman〕 that took place during the 1992–1995 Bosnian War.〔 John Richard Thackrah (2008). ''The Routledge companion to military conflict since 1945'', Routledge Companions Series, Taylor & Francis, 2008, ISBN 0-415-36354-3, ISBN 978-0-415-36354-9. (pp. 81,82 ) "Bosnian genocide can mean either the genocide committed by the Serb forces in Srebrenica in 1995 or the ethnic cleansing during the 1992–95 Bosnian War"〕 The events in Srebrenica in 1995 included the killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak ("Bosnian Muslim") men and boys, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25,000–30,000 Bosniak civilians, in and around the town of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina, committed by units of the Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of General Ratko Mladić.〔ICTY; "Address by ICTY President Theodor Meron, at Potocari Memorial Cemetery" The Hague, 23 June 2004 (ICTY.org )〕〔ICTY; "Krstic judgement" (UNHCR.org )〕 The ethnic cleansing campaign that took place throughout areas controlled by the Bosnian Serbs (majority Orthodox) through the VRS targeted Bosniaks (majority Muslim) and Bosnian Croats (majority Catholic). The ethnic cleansing campaign included unlawful confinement, murder, rape, sexual assault, torture, beating, robbery and inhumane treatment of civilians; the targeting of political leaders, intellectuals and professionals; the unlawful deportation and transfer of civilians; the unlawful shelling of civilians; the unlawful appropriation and plunder of real and personal property; the destruction of homes and businesses; and the destruction of places of worship.〔ICTY; "Karadzic indictment. Paragraph 19" (ICTY.org )〕 In the 1990s, several authorities, asserted that ethnic cleansing as carried out by elements of the Bosnian Serb army was genocide.〔(European Court of Human Rights ) – (Jorgic v. Germany Judgment ), 12 July 2007. § 36,47,111. Retrieved 20 March 2011〕 These included a resolution by the United Nations General Assembly and three convictions for genocide in German courts, (the convictions were based upon a wider interpretation of genocide than that used by international courts).〔(European Court of Human Rights ) – (Jorgic v. Germany Judgment ), 12 July 2007. § 47,107,108〕 In 2005, the United States Congress passed a resolution declaring that "the Serbian policies of aggression and ethnic cleansing meet the terms defining genocide".〔(A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate regarding the massacre at Srebrenica in July 1995 )〕 However, in line with a majority of legal scholars, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Court of Justice (ICJ) have ruled that, in order for actions to be deemed genocide, there must be physical or biological destruction of a protected group and a specific intent to commit such destruction. To date, only the Srebrenica massacre has been found to be a genocide by the ICTY, a finding upheld by the ICJ.〔ECHR Jorgic v. Germany Judgment §47,112〕 Former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžić is currently on reinstated charges for genocide in several Bosnian municipalities other than Srebrenica, a verdict is not expected before 2015. ==United Nations== On 18 December 1992, the United Nations General Assembly resolution 47/121 in its preamble deemed ethnic cleansing to be a form of genocide stating: On 12 July 2007, in its judgement on the ''Jorgić v. Germany'' case, the European Court of Human Rights noted that: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bosnian Genocide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|